Jewish Military Forces in the Roman Service por Jonathan P. Roth
É um artigo de um historiador norte-americano. O tema é interessante e levanta boas questões, mas tem defeitos fatais.
Começa pela questão de saber a identidade das pessoas. Os historiadores antigos tinham a tendência para fazer generalizações (o que é compreensível em zonas pequenas com enormes diversidades étnicas). Assim, na síria, um habitante poderia ser chamado de sírio, independentemente de ser sírio, judeu, ou outra etnia diferente. Depois existe a questão da identidade da pessoa. São Paulo era romano ou judeu? Ambos obviamente, mas em contextos diferentes ele seria considerado judeu (para os seus correligionários em questões religiosas) ou romano (do ponto de vista jurídico).
É apresentado de seguida um panorama da organização militar dos Herodíades (na maior parte das vezes recorrendo a Josefo que utilizava vocabulário grego tirado dos exércitos helenísticos para descrever o armamento, patentes e estruturas dos exércitos judeus, o que confunde as coisas dado que se ignora o que ele quer dizer com esses nomes).
Os diversos reinos da dinastia de Herodes foram recrutando diversas unidades de outras populações: samaritanos, idumeneus (basicamente minorias que eram detestados pelos judeus). Mas o autor considera que estas populações eram judias também (mesmo que não fossem assim considerados pelos judeus seguidores do Templo de Jerusalém), portanto, quando o autor fala de tropas judias ao serviço de Roma, será necessário fazer essa ressalva, pois ele está a considerar populações que normalmente não são vistas desse modo (dado que o termo “judeus” é habitualmente reservado aos seguidores do Templo).
A esta luz, faz algum sentido o comportamento de boa parte das tropas “judias” que ficaram do lado de Roma (embora algumas se tivessem juntado aos revoltosos, o que mostra que as coisas deviam ser longe de ser lineares).
São apresentados diversos casos de legionários e oficiais subalternos com nomes romanos que são considerados como judeus dado que serviam em unidades estacionadas na Judeia. Ora, isso parece-me um argumento um pouco forçado. É certo, que se no ocidente as legiões eram recrutadas em Itália (ou descendentes de italianos em colónias), e no oriente desde cedo se recorreu ao recrutamento no oriente, isso não quer dizer que as tropas fossem de origem local. Sem outro tipo de evidência (diplomas ou inscrições em túmulos), acho arriscado considerar que alguém com um nome romano é forçosamente judeu…
O autor considera que a famosa guarda do templo que teria prendido Jesus, não era constituída efectivamente por guardas, mas sim que os evangelistas confundiram por ignorância da realidade, guardas com sacerdotes que seriam guardiões do templo (sem grandes provas na minha opinião). Também considera que a coorte romana que é referida no evangelho, não existiu, ou quanto muito seria constituída por samaritanos.
Termina com “que fizeram os romanos por nós”, descrevendo os zelotas como um bando de fanáticos, perseguidor de outras populações, verdadeiro obstáculo ao progresso civilizacional, paz e prosperidade que os romanos trouxeram, sendo para o autor, os judeus que colaboraram com Roma os verdadeiros patriotas. Confesso que tive de me conter para não me rir com esta última parte. Percebo que se admire muito uma civilização, mas um bocadinho de objectividade e sobriedade é o mínimo que se pede a um historiador profissional.
A bibliografia aliás ajuda a explicar: alguns sólidos livros de historiadores, mas nada ligado à arqueologia.
Roma Antiga
Blog sobre a Roma Antiga: história, cultura, usos e costumes.
55 Comments:
Para mais informações consultar o fórum História Universal
It is one of the awesome site in my view as far as my knowledge is concerned about this kind website. Thanks for sharing!
Packers And Movers Gurgaon
I agree with you. This post is truly inspiring. I like your post and everything you share with us is current and very informative, I want to bookmark the page so I can return here from you that you have done a fantastic job.
Packers And Movers Gurgaon to Noida
Nice post:
Packers And Movers Bangalore charges
nice article:
http://packers-and-movers-bangalore.in/packers-and-movers-bangalore-to-hyderabad
Packers and movers bangalore to hyderabad @ Packers And Movers Bangalore to hyderabad
An excellent information provided thanks for all the information i must say great efforts made by you.thanks a lot for all the information you provided.
please visit our official website for further details-Packers and Movers Kolkata
Packers And Movers Kolkata to Chennai
Packers And Movers Kolkata to Pune
Packers And Movers Kolkata to Hyderabad
Packers And Movers Kolkata to Bhubaneswar
Packers And Movers Kolkata to Bhopal
Packers And Movers Kolkata to Lucknow
Packers And Movers Kolkata to Chandigarh
Packers And Movers Kolkata to Patna
Packers And Movers kondapur Hyderabad
Packers And Movers Hitech City Hyderabad
Packers And Movers Lingampally Hyderabad
Packers And Movers Kukatpally Hyderabad
Packers And Movers KPHB Colony
Packers And Movers Madhapur Hyderabad
Packers And Movers gachibowli Hyderabad
Packers And Movers Chandanagar
Packers And Movers Miyapur
QuickBooks Support Phone Number
QuickBooks Technical Support Phone Number
QuickBooks Tech Support Phone Number
QuickBooks 24/7 Support Phone Number
QuickBooks PRO Support Phone Number
QuickBooks Support Number
QuickBooks Support Phone Number
QuickBooks Technical Support Phone Number
QuickBooks Tech Support Phone Number
QuickBooks 24/7 Support Phone Number
QuickBooks PRO Support Phone Number
QuickBooks Desktop Support Number
Modernisation of QuickBooks Support & QuickBooks Payroll support Technology has become an integral part of our lives. Human beings relay on technology more than any thing in this world and we have given meanings & name to the technology. So if you are having any problem with your QuickBooks Payroll Call the only QuickBooks Payroll Phone Number at 1888-567-1159 today.
QuickBooks Tech Support Phone Number +1-888-396-0208 is one the best accounting assistance which can be accessed through QuickBooks Helpline Number. The main reason for providing these services is to resolve the QB Errors, and users can use QuickBooks Support Phone Number for QB Desktop, Mac Support, and Enterprise Support.
Contact us at +1-888-396-0208 to resolve any issue. The best QuickBooks POS Support Phone Number with tools for skipping the wait on hold, the current wait time, tools for scheduling a time to talk with a QuickBooks Point of Sale (POS) rep, reminders when the call center opens.
Direct Deposit:Pay Employees with QuickBooks Payroll
Preparing Payroll Manually For Non-Payroll ... template to prepare employee payroll ... will be missing in your QuickBooks data file
Need Help for your Quickbooks Software ? Official Intuit QuickBooks Tech Support Phone Number , Fixing all the issues related to your Quickbooks , accounting software . 24/7 available USA Toll Free Number 1888-567-1159. Get in Touch with us Quickly.
Contact QuickBooks Support Phone Number 1888-567-1159 for instant help & other QuickBooks payroll service, We’re available 24x7 for any payroll support technical assistance.Just give us a call on
QuickBooks Tech Support Phone Number 1888-567-1159
http://quickbooks-self-help.jigsy.com/
http://quickbookstechnicalhelp.doodlekit.com/
https://quickbookstechhelp.dudaone.com/
http://quickbookstechhelp.webstarts.com
http://quickbookstechnicalhelp.bravesites.com/
QuickBooks Payroll Support Phone Number 1888-396-0208 Managing the accounts for small or medium sized businesses can be a very inconvenient task. You can spend your whole month on a single chair just to complete multiple spreadsheets and manage the payrolls. Every small business or organization needs software.
If you ever need any assistance for enjoying any of its features you may call our QuickBooks Payroll Support Phone Number 1888-567-1159. The only number you need to call for technical help for QuickBooks..Intuit QuickBooks Payroll For MAC Support Phone Numberis all about getting the best help from QuickBooks Technical Support.
Quickbooks Support is one of the best accounting assistance available which can be accessed through QuickBooks Tech Support Phone Number 1888-396-0208. The main reason for providing the assistance services is to resolve the QB Errors, and users can use QuickBooks Support Phone Number for QB Desktop, Mac Support, and Enterprise Support.
QuickBooks POS Support Phone Number
QuickBooks POS Tech Support Phone Number
QuickBooks POS Technical Support Phone Number
QuickBooks POS 24/7 Support Phone Number
QuickBooks POS Support Number
Contact QuickBooks Payroll Support Phone Number 1888-567-1159 for instant help & other QuickBooks payroll service, We're available 24x7 for any payroll support technical assistance.
QuickBooks Payroll Support Phone Number
QuickBooks Payroll Tech Support Phone Number
QuickBooks Payroll Technical Support Phone Number
QuickBooks Payroll Support Number
QuickBooks Payroll 24/7 Support Phone Number
On the off chance that you are confronting any of the above issues that is limiting you to approach your documents and intruding on your business, immediately report the issue to the QuickBooks ProAdvisor Technical Support.
From couple of minor enlargements to a noteworthy improvement in the software in type of new request satisfaction include inside the stock administration part of business, the new software will undoubtedly facilitate the workload of numerous bookkeepers and clerks QuickBooks POS Support.
QuickBooks is a primary business accounting programming that offers an aggregate extent of accounting answers for enhance your business cash related necessities. It draws in you with all the right gadgets and gives you the chance to get to your records, cooperate with your gathering, and manage your business even in a rush. A gigantic number of associations around the world rely upon QuickBooks for their consistently accounting assignments QuickBooks Payroll Tech Support Phone Number .
Now, it has become very easy for the QuickBooks users to link all your bank details with QuickBooks and provides an ease while making transactions from credit card or from any bank. While any interruption like inactive bank account, card not working or changes in account can easily be taken with the help of technical hands QuickBooks Enterprise Support Phone Number 1888-396-0208.
Official Intuit QuickBooks Technical Support Phone Number , Fix the blunder of framework , bookkeeping programming on Phone . all day, every day accessible USA Toll Free Number +1800-291-2485
Figuring out how to account, computing expenses and finding are the most borings activities on the planet. And furthermore, it could be the most tedious and confounding. Be that as it may, on the off chance that you possess any business, and need to take your business to another tallness, it could be the most critical work for you to do. QuickBooks Payroll Support Phone NumberDial 1888-567-1159 to contact us.
Work area for an impressive time allotment and continue utilizing it. At exhibit, QuickBooks Desktop has two or three a bigger number of features and handiness than the online variant. QuickBooks Desktop has a few choices accessible and you can utilize anybody one of them at QuickBooks Support Phone Number 1888-396-0208.
QuickBooks Payroll Support Phone Number.Intuit has built up the product with nearly development to deal with all checks and expenses issues. Since nobody is well in this globalization. Much of the time when individuals are dissenting about off base count and defaults paychecks comes about.
Nowadays most of the organizations incline towards a facilitated answer for traditional renditions of desktops software. In the important deals when you run your QB from cloud, it is conceivable to team up. QuickBooks Payroll Support Number experts can access your system remotely and not to overlook that current features of QuickBooks that orders you to go for impart inside QuickBooks. Things being what they are, the reason precisely do you really need QuickBooks Support Phone Number USA +1800-291-2485.
QuickBooks Enterprise version is one of the most powerful versions of all the three, that is, QuickBooks Pro, Enterprise and Enterprise. This version of QuickBooks software was designed keeping the financial needs of businesses having a large team of accounts in mind. Subscriber of QuickBooks Enterprises version Call the Toll-Free QuickBooks Enterprise Support 1800-291-2485 to connect with the USA. Call us Anytime,
The QuickBooks POS Support Phone Number 1800-291-2485 will screen specialist commissions and hours. It can in like manner send the data to various QuickBooks related programming like QuickBooks Payroll.
Bookkeeping is a must for all your technical device or else, its functioning becomes very dull with time. It is a must to keep a record of all your finances and accounting, which is very difficult for you to manage all on your own. With its support, you could reach new heights of your finances and accounting. Intuit QuickBooks have actually taken the dealing of finances to a new level and that is only possible due to our most appropriate efforts. Whenever you face any technical issues with the same, we have our doors open for you, feel free to get in touch with us. The QuickBooks Payroll Support Phone Number team has always proved their best to the customers.
Our specialist group won't just give you an answer however you can give the information and tips how to manage it in future. Our master group of QuickBooks Enterprise Customer service Phone Number works day and night to serve you.
When you open a QuickBooks company file after one hour the QuickBooks Auto Data Recovery feature will perform some internal diagnostics on the file. If the file remains opened and passes the test, the application considers that it was a good file and a backup copy is made into the ADR folder.QuickBooks Tech Support Number
QuickBooks Error 3371 Status code 11118 When you reconfigure your desktop or initiate your QuickBooks out of the blue, you may experience with the QuickBooks Error 3371, Status code 11118. This error can be a baffling one for you, as it prohibits you to open your QB document.
To setup the email feature within QuickBooks When you choose Edit > Preferences > Send Forms > My Preferences, you may not see Outlook as an option for emailing from QuickBooks.to fix the issue call our Outlook Is Not An Option In QuickBooks Send Forms Preferences department and fix the issue by our technical expert team.
PARABENS PELO ARTIGO.
https://portaldicaonline.com.br/
Loading and unloading comes as a part and parcel of our moving services. In case you are particular about use of machinery for loading and unloading, you can get your option through one of our providers. For very professional and fully managed relocations, opt for our VManage Premium package.
packers and movers thrissur
packers and movers in belgaum
packers and movers kharagpur
packers & movers in nagpur
packers and movers btm layout
Quickbooks Enterprise Contact Number 1888-557-6950 offers paid support help for brands, items and administrations with which we have no immediate or aberrant connection except if such relationship is explicitly determined.
If you are jobless if you want to earn money by doing nothing if you want to get rid of with money problems then you should must visit here at once transporters in delhi transporters in mumbai transporters in ahmedabad transporters in chennai transporters in bangalore transporters in kolkata transporters in Hyderabad
Thanks for sharing such a great informative post. Recently we published a blog about god and Indian peoples don't want to talk about this and it is manly prohibited in India.And if you really want to know Is god real? or not your have to check the great stuff on theclassicwork.com
There are many youtube videos everyone sees every time on youtube so we create a channel and upload videos on youtube next you interested to see our videos on Youtube Video which helps you to promote your business with us.
We are online shopping site if you want to get free deals you can visit
Guest Post Author Account
Transporter Company
Hotels for couples
Hotels near delhi airport
Hotels in Delhi
Hotels in gurgaon
OYO Couples
Digital Marketing Agency
Digital Marketing scope
QuickBook Payroll Support Number +1-844-551-9757
Any problem regarding QuickBooks Payroll accounting software, so you can visit our website or just dial +1-844-551-9757. This number is available for 24*7. And our support expert team is to solve every problem in a very simple manner. QuickBooks Payroll is a small and medium business accounting software program and this is used to manage sales and expenses and keep track of daily transaction.
The mission of Nishtha is to promote that knowledge base along with ethics and good conduct in professionals, educate and orient them in the field of project management and develop skills in them that would then bring immense value in Organizations for management of their projects in a superior and successful manner.
pmp training institute
ms project training in chennai
pmp course in chennai
pmp classes in chennai
Lost connection to your Data file or Can’t able to locate the Data File? No matter, how complex the issues would be. Get instant & easy solutions for your queries by contacting us, on Quickbooks Helpline Number 800-986-4607. We provide the best support service to the Quickbooks user.
Make us a call via QuickBooks Support Phone Number +1-844-233-5335 and get surplus solutions for QuickBooks errors. QuickBooks is the most popularly used accounting software that has its customer base in almost every part of the world.
Hi! Well-written post. I actually learned many things from your post. Thank you for sharing such a great post. I am sure you have heard about QuickBooks Desktop Payroll software. It is reliable and trustworthy accounting software. In case, you want instant help and support for this software then dial QuickBooks Phone Number 1-833-441-8848 and get unlimited technical
support at your desk.
Hey, welcome back again! I have been waiting for your post for a long time. Again a marvel of a post, I completely get involved with your post. Now, you can save your huge time by downloading QuickBooks accounting software. You can QuickBooks Contact Number 1-833-441-8848 for immediate help on installing, upgrading and reinstalling this accounting software.
It would not be justice to leave your wonderful post without going through. The information that you have provided in your post is incomparable. It is different from the regular post that I pay a visit. Easily manage your work and time by downloading QuickBooks. You can call us at QuickBooks Helpline Number +1-844-200-2627 for a smart solution related to QuickBooks.
https://youtu.be/x2vd_4JTyGY
https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7qiso7
https://www.edocr.com/v/xrzkn47x/rsm93658/Engage-at-QuickBooks-Support-Phone-Number-1-844-23
https://www.4shared.com/file/xeueBCR-ea/Engage_at_QuickBooks_Support_P.html
https://issuu.com/rogersmith31/docs/engage_at_quickbooks_support_phone_number__1-844-2
https://www.slideserve.com/rogersmith31/quickbooks-support-phone-number-1-844-232-o2o2-powerpoint-ppt-presentation
https://issuu.com/rogersmith31/docs/quickbooks_helpline_number__1-844-232-o2o2
https://www.edocr.com/v/ymrl1zro/rsm93658/QuickBooks-Helpline-Number-1-844-232-O2O2
https://www.4shared.com/office/MGzHc2ryiq/QuickBooks_Helpline_Number_1-8.html
https://www.slideserve.com/rogersmith31/quickbooks-helpline-number-1-844-232-o2o2-powerpoint-ppt-presentation
This is a great inspiring article. I am pretty much pleased with your good work. You put really very helpful information. Keep it up. Keep blogging. Looking to reading your next post. Tom Hardy Venom 2 Leather Jacket
Enviar um comentário
<< Home